Accredited Investor: Definition and Requirements - NerdWallet (2024)

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To purchase certain investments, you must be an accredited investor. But what does that mean, and how do you know if you qualify?

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Accredited Investor: Definition and Requirements - NerdWallet (1)

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What is an accredited investor?

An accredited investor is a person or entity that is allowed to participate in investments not registered with the SEC. These are typically high-net-worth individuals and companies with the means and experience to trade private, riskier investments.

According to the Securities and Exchange Commission, an individual accredited investor is anyone who:

  • Earned income of more than $200,000 (or $300,000 together with a spouse) in each of the last two years and reasonably expects to earn the same for the current year.

  • Has a net worth over $1 million, either individually or together with a spouse (excluding the value of a primary residence).

  • Is a "knowledgeable employee" of a private fund.

  • Is a financial professional who has Series 7, Series 65 or Series 82 financial securities licenses.

The rule is meant to help prove investors have the sophistication and means to invest in potentially riskier investments, as well as weather any losses.

But on June 5, 2023, the House of Representatives passed the Fair Investment Opportunities for Professional Experts Act, which aims to broaden the criteria for accredited investors. Under the bill, people determined by the SEC to have "professional knowledge through educational or professional experience," such as investment advisors or brokers, could also qualify to be accredited investors.

The same day, House also passed the Accredited Investor Definition Review Act, which would give the SEC discretion in determining exactly which certifications, designations or credentials are needed to be considered an accredited investor. The bill mandates the SEC review the credentials every five years and make amendments when needed.

Currently, in addition to individuals, legal entities that can be considered an accredited investor include banks, investment broker-dealers, insurance companies, charitable organizations and any entity in which all equity owners are accredited investors, and trusts with assets that exceed $5 million.

How do you become an accredited investor?

There’s no certification offered to prove you’re an accredited investor. Instead, companies selling investments to accredited investors are required to take steps to verify you qualify.

That likely will mean you must release financial statements — such as W-2s, tax returns, bank and brokerage statements — showing your current net worth is more than $1 million (your primary place of residence not included) or that you had income in the past two calendar years that qualifies.

» Find your net worth by using our net worth calculator

In August 2020, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission expanded its definition of individuals and organizations that qualify as an accredited investor.

For most retail investors, the biggest change will be allowing a "spousal equivalent," such as a live-in significant other, to be considered when looking at total household income or savings to determine if you qualify as an accredited investor.

» Ready to start investing? Best real estate crowdfunding platforms

Why do you have to be an accredited investor?

The accredited investor exemption seeks “...to ensure that all participating investors are financially sophisticated and able to fend for themselves or sustain the risk of loss, thus rendering unnecessary the protections that come from a registered offering,” the SEC says.

The rules regarding accredited investors are governed by SEC Rule 501 under Regulation D of the Securities Act of 1933, a government response to the Great Depression.

Also known as the “truth in securities” law, this act improved financial disclosure requirements so investors are informed about the investments they are buying. It also tightened rules prohibiting fraud and misrepresentation in the sale of securities.

Examples of investments that require accredited investors:

  • Hedge fund investments. Since hedge funds can invest in more speculative investments, they only accept accredited investors.

  • Private equity investments. Most forms of private equity investing, including venture capital and angel investing require accredited investors.

  • Online real estate investment providers. Some real estate crowdfunding platforms, including Crowdstreet and EquityMultiple, are only open to accredited investors.

  • Venture capital investments and startups. Because venture capital funds do not require the same information disclosures as offerings registered with the SEC, they usually require accredited investors due to the higher risks.

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Accredited Investor: Definition and Requirements - NerdWallet (2)

Can nonaccredited investors invest?

Yes. Any publicly traded stock, bond, mutual fund or publicly traded real estate investment trust, or REIT, is available to any adult who opens a brokerage account.

Many of these investments are also available within retirement accounts, such as 401(k)s and individual retirement accounts.

Because these investments are listed with the SEC, they meet requirements that help safeguard average investors. But remember, no investment is without risk, and you can end up losing some or all your principal investment.

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Accredited Investor: Definition and Requirements - NerdWallet (2024)

FAQs

What are the requirements for an accredited investor? ›

An accredited investor should have a net worth exceeding $1 million, either individually or jointly with a spouse. This amount cannot include a primary residence. An entity is considered an accredited investor if it is a private business development company or an organization with assets exceeding $5 million.

Did the SEC change the definition of accredited investor? ›

In 2020, the SEC expanded the definition to include natural persons holding good standing in certain professional certifications or designations. The definition of accredited investor is central to the scope of Rule 506 offerings.

Which of the following is defined as an accredited investor? ›

You qualify as an accredited investor when you meet one of the following: First, your income exceeds $200,000 (or $300,000 with a spouse) for the last two years. Second, you have a net worth exceeding $1 million, either individually or with a spouse, excluding the value of your primary residence.

What is the MAS definition of an accredited investor? ›

An accredited investor in Singapore is a person or entity meeting criteria established by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), enabling them to participate in specific unregistered private securities offerings.

How do I certify myself as an accredited investor? ›

Individuals who want to become accredited investors must fall into one of three categories: have a net worth exceeding $1 million on your own or with a spouse or its equivalent; have earned an income surpassing $200,000 ($300,000 if combined with a spouse or its equivalent) during the last two years and prove an ...

Does series 65 make you an accredited investor? ›

To become an accredited investor via the Series 65 exam, one must also register with either the state or SEC as an Investment Advisor Representative for a Registered Investment Advisor (RIA) once they pass the exam. The RIA can be the individual's own firm.

What is the rule 501 A for accredited investors? ›

The law prohibits fraud, deceit, and misrepresentation in the sale of securities, such as bonds or stocks. Rule 501(a) is the part of Regulation D of the '33 Act that defines who and what qualifies to invest in unregistered securities, or an accredited investor.

What is the rule 144 for accredited investors? ›

The Security & Exchange Commission's Rule 144 regulates the resale of restricted or unregistered securities. An accredited investor is authorized by the Securities and Exchange Commission to invest in unregistered securities such as pre-IPO shares.

Who can verify accredited investor status? ›

Verification by Licensed Professional: Rather than providing specific documentation supporting your income or assets, you can provide a letter from one of the following licensed third-party verifiers: CPAs, Attorneys, or licensed professionals holding either FINRA Series 7, 65, or 82 licenses.

Who is not an accredited investor? ›

A non-accredited investor, therefore, is anyone making less than $200,000 annually (less than $300,000 including a spouse) that also has a total net worth of less than $1 million when their primary residence is excluded.

How to bypass being an accredited investor? ›

How to invest without being an accredited investor requires only that the investor has a net worth of less than $1 million. This includes the net worth of his or her spouse. The investor must also have earned $200,000 or more annually for the last two years.

What is an accredited investor questionnaire? ›

The questionnaire, typically provided by the issuer, allows the investor to identify the manner and basis of its accredited status and requires the investor to represent that the information provided is accurate.

What is the new definition of an accredited investor? ›

Historically, the SEC has observed that the purpose of the accredited investor definition is “to encompass those persons whose financial sophistication and ability to sustain the risk of loss of investment or ability to fend for themselves render the protections of the Securities Act's registration process unnecessary. ...

What is the income requirement for an accredited investor? ›

In the U.S., an accredited investor is anyone who meets one of the below criteria: Individuals who have an income greater than $200,000 in each of the past two years or whose joint income with a spouse is greater than $300,000 for those years, and a reasonable expectation of the same income level in the current year.

What assets count for an accredited investor? ›

Accredited Investor
  • Financial Criteria. Net worth over $1 million, excluding primary residence (individually or with spouse or partner) ...
  • Professional Criteria. ...
  • Investments. ...
  • Assets. ...
  • Owners as Accredited. ...
  • Investment Advisers. ...
  • Financial Entities.

What is a qualified investor vs. accredited investor? ›

Both are designations of investors that are permitted to invest in non-public investments. The difference between the two is that accredited investors must meet certain income, net worth or securities licensing criteria, while a qualified purchaser must simply have more than $5 million to make a large investment.

Can I invest if I am not an accredited investor? ›

Non-accredited investors can invest in private companies through equity crowdfunding. This is so because the amount needed to invest is usually very small as equity crowdfunding seeks to pool the investments from many investors.

How much money does an accredited investor have? ›

The individual must have a net worth greater than $1 million, either individually or jointly with the individual's spouse. Except for the special provisions described below, individuals should include all of their assets and all of their liabilities in calculating net worth.

What credentials do you need to be an investor? ›

Postsecondary Training. Most employers require that investment professionals hold a bachelor's degree in accounting, business administration, finance, or statistics. Other possible majors include communications, economics, international business, and public administration.

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