Do you pay taxes on REIT dividends?
Often, the bulk of REIT dividend payouts consists of the company's operating profit. As a proportional owner of the REIT company, the shareholder receives this payout as ordinary income and will be taxed at the investor's marginal income tax rate as nonqualified dividends.
Although REITs trade on exchanges like stocks, the tax structure for these investments can be much different. For a basic guide on REITs, be sure to check out The Definitive Guide to Real Estate Investment Trusts.
Quote: For UK resident individuals who receive tax returns, the PID from a UK REIT is included on the tax return as Other Income. If completing the return online, in the section "Other UK Income" tick the bottom box "Any other income".
Individuals can currently deduct 20% of the pass-through income coming from REIT investments. This can incentivize you to invest in a REIT right now as you may pay significantly less in taxes than you would have before this benefit was provided. There is no guarantee that this tax benefit will be extended beyond 2025.
The value of a REIT is based on the real estate market, so if interest rates increase and the demand for properties goes down as a result, it could lead to lower property values, negatively impacting the value of your investment.
REIT Tax Advantages
The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act created the IRC Sec. 199A qualified business income deduction, (“QBI”) allowing non-corporate taxpayers to deduct up to 20% of their qualified REIT dividends and qualified publicly traded partnership income.
This article considers this matter at a basic level. A REIT is merely a tax classification that allows an entity that would otherwise be taxed as a corporation to avoid “double taxation” and achieve tax treatment similar to – but in some important ways, different than – a tax partnership.
Avoiding REIT dividend taxation
If you own REITs in an IRA, you won't have to worry about dividend taxes each year, nor will you have to pay taxes in the year in which you sell a REIT at a profit.
However, REITs can take advantage of tax deductions for depreciation and amortization — a portion of a REIT's distribution can be classified as a return of capital (ROC), which reduces the amount of the distribution that is considered taxable.
REITs and REIT Funds
Real estate investment trusts are a poor fit for taxable accounts for the reason that I just mentioned. Their income tends to be high and often composes a big share of the returns that investors earn from them, as REITs must pay out a minimum of 90% of their taxable income in dividends each year.
What I wish I knew before investing in REITs?
A lot of REIT investors focus too way much on the dividend yield. They think that a high dividend yield implies that a REIT is cheap and a good investment opportunity. In reality, it is often the opposite, and the dividend does not say much, if anything, about the valuation of a REIT.
Can You Lose Money on a REIT? As with any investment, there is always a risk of loss. Publicly traded REITs have the particular risk of losing value as interest rates rise, which typically sends investment capital into bonds.
Risks of investing in REITs include higher dividend taxes, sensitivity to interest rates, and exposure to specific property trends.
The REIT must have held the property for at least two years (IRC § 857(b)(6)(C)(i)). The total expenditures made by the REIT, or any of its partners, during the two years preceding the sale of the land may not exceed 30 percent of the net selling price of the property (IRC § 857(b)(6)(C)(ii)).
Overview. A REIT is taxable as a regular corporation, but is entitled to the dividends paid deduction. Therefore, a REIT does not pay federal income tax on net taxable income distributed as deductible dividends to shareholders. Net income from foreclosure property is taxed at 35 percent.
Generally, a REIT must file its income tax return by the 15th day of the 4th month after the end of its tax year.
Company (ticker) | 5-year total return | Dividend yield |
---|---|---|
Innovative Industrial Properties (IIPR) | 157.0% | 7.6% |
Plymouth Industrial REIT (PLYM) | 156.1% | 3.8% |
Equinix (EQIX) | 125.0% | 2.1% |
Prologis (PLD) | 121.8% | 2.6% |
A REIT must be a U.S. entity taxable as a corporation (I.R.C. section 856(a)) so the REIT is an "exempt recipient" not reported on Forms 1099.
The beauty of REITs for income investors is that they are required to distribute 90% of their taxable income to shareholders annually in the form of dividends. In return, REITs typically do not pay corporate taxes. As a result, many of the 200+ REITs we track offer high dividend yields of 5%+.
The majority of REIT dividends are taxed as ordinary income up to the maximum rate of 37% (returning to 39.6% in 2026), plus a separate 3.8% surtax on investment income. Taxpayers may also generally deduct 20% of the combined qualified business income amount which includes Qualified REIT Dividends through Dec.
What are the pros and cons of REITs?
The benefits of a REIT investment include liquidity, diversification, and passive income in the form of high dividends. The potential downsides of a REIT investment include taxes, fees, and market volatility due to interest rate movements or trends in the real estate market.
REIT dividends are not qualified because the IRS considers them as pass-through income. These are profits that get distributed to investors without the entity paying taxes first. REIT dividends pass to investors as ordinary income. The IRS taxes the dividends according to the individual investor's income tax rate.
Dividends are particularly valuable in retirement because they provide a consistent stream of income that can help cover living expenses. And, unlike bonds, dividend stocks offer the potential for capital gains as well as income. That means your portfolio can continue to grow even as you withdraw money from it.
The REIT's ownership (which must be proven by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest) must be held by at least 100 shareholders for at least 335 days of a 365-day calendar year (or equivalent thereof for a short tax year) for the second taxable year and beyond.
While a REIT is still open to public investors, investors may be able to sell their shares back to the REIT. However, this sale usually comes at a discount; leaving only about 70% to 95% of the original value. Once a REIT is closed to the public, REIT companies may not offer early redemptions.
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